History of American Indians and the United States

Legally Defining Race & Research Workshop

Dr. Kane

mkane2@albany.edu Humanities 109 | MWF 9:20 - 10:15 PM

Office Hrs: M 10:20 - 11:20 & F 1:30 - 3:30

Social Science 60S

Wednesday, September 6

coming up

• Academic Honesty quiz Sept 11
• Policy piece due Monday Sept 18 (BB)

last week

• federal recognition requirements
• domestic dependent nations
• sovereignty
• settler colonialism

Chicago citations

• Preston, David L. ""We Intend to Live Our Lifetime Together as Brothers": Palatine and Iroquois Communities in the Mohawk Valley." New York History 89, no. 2 (2008): 179-89.
• Garroutte, Eva Marie. Real Indians: Identity and the Survival of Native America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003: 36-37.
• “Indian Sovereignty.” Upstate Citizens for Equality. Accessed September 3, 2017. http://www.upstate-citizens.org/sovereignty.htm.

finding primary sources

• Handbook of North American Indians: E 77 H25
• 19th Century Newspapers
• 19th Century Collections Online
• New York Times
• Internet Archive

finding secondary sources

• Library eDiscover
• Library ejournals
• WorldCat
• Google Scholar
• Library advanced search
• JSTOR

refining your search

• primary sources: use historical terms
• use quotation marks
• narrow by type
• use booleans: AND, OR, NOT
• subject vs keyword search
• filter by date
• scan the stacks

citation management

• Zotero
• Endnote
• Chicago style guide

Garroutte, Enrollees and Outalucks

• why did Long's "outing" of African-American ancestry negate his claims of Native ancestry?
• how do federal and tribal definitions of "Indian" differ (in definition or effect)?
• why do some people object to CDIB cards? why are others in favor?

CDIB

CDIB application

CDIB application requirements

• social security card and birth certificate
• mother's affidavit of birth
• "full-form" birth or death certificate for parents, grandparents, great grandparents, and great great grandparents (30 people)
• enrollment numbers for great grandparents and great great grandparents
• NOT DNA test

Indian Citizenship Act, 1924

• Termination Era 1920 - 1975
• step towards assimilation and integration
• state restrictions - New Mexico 1962
• Shelby County v. Holder 2013 (Voting Rights Act)
• voter ID, ballot translation, gerrymandering

Reservation gerrymandering

Indian Civil Rights Act, 1968

• guarantees (most) US Constitutional rights for tribal citizens and non-citizens on reservation lands
• exceptions: establishment clause, separation of church and state, republican/elected government, form of judiciary
• does not apply to: citizenship definitions, (some) criminal and civil law, judicial review/appeal
• liberal vs. communal rights

who's an Indian?

• BIA: member of a recognized tribe, living on/near reservation, at least 1/4 blood quantuum
• IHS: any member of a recognized tribe or their child
• Indian Self Determination Act: member of a recognized tribe with 1/8 blood quantuum
• Indian Arts and Crafts Act: any member of a recognized tribe
• Dept of Interior: owns land on a reservation or held in trust by govt

Indian Self Determination Act, 1975

• federal trust funds provided, tribal administration
• resource management, law enforcement, education, childcare, and environmental protection
• must meet federal use guidelines
• trust funds cannot be reallocated as needs change, must be reapplied for