History of American Indians and the United States

Indian Education

Dr. Kane

mkane2@albany.edu Humanities 109 | MWF 9:20 - 10:15 AM

Office Hrs: M 10:20 - 11:20 & F 1:30 - 3:30

Social Science 60S

Monday, September 25

coming up

• EC: Sept 28 11:30 Campus Center West Charlottesville roundtable
• Midterm in class Monday October 2
• material in Ch6 is NOT on the midterm
• Locations paper October 16
• History honors society - rhamm@albany.edu

today's class

• Allotment & Assimilation
• early Indian schools
• boarding schools & assimilation
• legacies of education

where are we?

• Allottment & Assimilation era 1887-1940
• Wounded Knee - 1890
• Dawes Allotment Act - 1887
• Indian Citizenship Act - 1924
• Termination era - 1940-1975
• Public Law 280 - 1953
• Indian Relocation Act - 1956
• Wounded Knee - 1973

Allotment & Assimilation era

• how did Indian boarding schools attempt to remove Native Americans from their cultural identities?
• how did the 1887 Dawes Allotment act attempt to breakdown the traditional tribal land systems?

Dawes Allotment Act - 1887

• destruction of tribes
• assimilation of individuals
• fractionization & checkerboarding
• majority non-Native ownership of reservations

The Twilight of the Indian

early Indian schools

Albany State Normal School, 1844-1894

Ely Parker

Caroline Parker

Carlisle Indian School, 1879-1918

Tom Torlino, before and after

Our Spirits Don't Speak English

legacies

• language and cultural loss
• family disruption
• sexual abuse
• paths out of poverty for some
• Pan-Indian political organizing - Society of American Indians & National Congress of American Indians
• legal, medical and academic skills to benefit reservations

Indian Child Welfare Act - 1978

• 25-35% of children removed between 1886-1976
• UN Declaration of Rights
• state jurisdiction over child welfare
• guarantees tribal jurisdiction over cases on reservations or with enrolled member parents
• 2013 SCOTUS Adoptive Couple v Baby Girl