AHIS 100
The War for Emancipation
Dr. Kane
mkane2@albany.edu
Office Hrs: W 10:30-11:30 & F 11:30-12:30
Social Science 60S
maevekane.net/ahis100/lecture-slides
December 2
coming up
- last paper Dec 4
- studyguide on Blackboard
- final exam Tuesday December 15 3:30-5:30pm
last time
- reasons for secession
- results of secession
- early military difficulties on both sides
- economic and cultural impacts of war
today
- turning the tide
- Emancipation Proclamation
- impact of Emancipation
- terms of surrender
- Lincoln's legacy?
turning the tide
- disease - half of all casualties!
- food, hygiene, anatomy and medical sanitation - Dakota War
- destruction of Confederate infrastructure
- Union women's greater work participation
what did the Union hope that the Emancipation Proclamation would accomplish?
- A. it would end slavery throughout the United States once and for all
- B. it would economically damage the Confederacy by depriving plantations of enslaved labor
- C. it would stabilize the economy of the Union by making escaped slaves citizens
- D. it would end tensions in the Union between working class whites and escaped slaves who competed for similar jobs
Emancipation Proclamation
- issued under presidential war powers
- only affected states in rebellion - slavery still legal in the Union and occupied territory!
- precedent of Lord Dunmore's Proclamation
- former enslaved people held by the Confiscation Act released
- ends possibility of England or France supporting Confederacy
Gettysburg & Vicksburg - July 1-3 1863
- Gettysburg: northern-most push of Confederate Army
- Vicksburg: North captures entirety of Mississippi River
- first major, decisive Confederate losses
- major casualties for Union
how did the Emancipation Proclamation contribute to riots in the North after Gettysburg?
- A. newly freed blacks were targeted by police in Northern cities, triggering riots when a young man was killed
- B. newly freed blacks flooded Northern cities, forming separate unions to confront segregated white unions
- C. unemployed working-class whites feared that newly freed blacks would compete for scare jobs
- D. unemployed working-class whites and newly freed blacks joined together to protest wage cuts
Draft Riots of 1863 - lead up
- rising unemployment - impact of decreased Southern cotton and broken ties to manufacturing and banking
- value of Union money decreasing
- you're paid the same but everything is more expensive
- New York state support for Confederacy - NYC tries to secede!
- white working class anger over Emancipation Proclamation
Draft Riots of 1863 - July 13-16 1863
- white men of eligible age drafted - unless you can pay $300 ($6,000 in 2015)
- free black men not drafted - not citizens
- 120 people killed in 2 days
- mob targeted black businesses, churches, orphanages and interracial couples
- wealthy whites help organize relief - for blacks who move out of Manhattan
Colored Regiments
- Emancipation Proclamation allowed enlistment of black non-citizens
- 10% of Union Army - 6% of Union population
- segregated units - appeasing border states
- black Confederates controversy - states' rights or slavery?
surrender at Appomattox
- Ulysses Grant - largest, most successful Union Army
- Robert E Lee - largest, but very diminished Confederate Army
- Lee in retreat from ten months under siege and army starving without supply
- Lee's surrender symbolic - triggers surrender of other Confederate Armies
passage of the 13th Amendment
- NY and border state opposition: states' rights
- NY and other northern opposition: would lead to citizenship for blacks
- ratified by Northern states and Southern states with federal governors - legality?
- "the greatest measure of the nineteenth century was passed by corruption, aided and abetted by the purest man in America" - Rep. Stevens
Lincoln's legacy
- martyr or politician?
- anti-slavery or abolitionist?
- how will the Union be reunited?
- what caused the Civil War?